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词典云阁a>成语词典一鼓作气一鼓作气的故事
一鼓作气的成语故事

拼音yī gǔ zuò qì
基本解释一鼓:第一次击鼓;作:振作;气:士气。作战时第一次敲鼓可以鼓起战士的锐气。比喻趁劲足时一下子把事情完成。
出处先秦 左丘明《左传 庄公十年》:“夫战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭。”
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一鼓作气的典故
春秋时,齐国发兵攻打鲁国(两国都在今山东省境)。当时齐国强大,鲁国弱小,双方实力悬殊。可是结果鲁国却以弱胜强,把齐军打得大败。据《左传》载,这次鲁国的胜利,与曹刿的精明策划有很大关系。
曹刿既非武将,也非文臣,但深通兵法。他得悉齐国发兵来犯,鲁庄公准备抵抗,便主动要求面见庄公。他的亲友邻人劝他:“国家大事,自有那些天天吃肉的大官管着,你何必瞎操心?”曹刿说:“那些大官目光短浅,不会有深谋远见。”
曹刿见了庄公,首先提出:取信于民,是战前重要的政治准备,也是获胜的保证。并要求作战时允许他一起去,于是庄公便叫他同车出发。在长勺的地方,齐、鲁两军相遇。双方列成阵势,战斗即将开始。只见齐军大擂战鼓,准备进兵。庄公也准备擂鼓迎击。曹刿阻止道:“等一等。”齐军见鲁军没有反应,又擂了一通鼓。这样齐军擂鼓三通,鲁军总是按兵不动。直到齐军三通鼓罢,曹刿才说:“现在可以进兵了!”鲁军战鼓一响,下令冲杀,士兵们一声呐喊,直扑敌阵,猛不可当。齐军大败,狼狈而逃。
庄公正想下令追击,曹刿却又阻止,并下车细看地面齐军兵车轮迹,又攀上车前横木,注意暸望敌军退走的情形,然后说:“现在可以追击了!”庄公当即下令追击。鲁军乘胜前进,把齐军全部赶出国境。
这次获胜,鲁庄公却不明由曹刿为什么这样指挥。曹刿说:“战,勇气也。一鼓作气,再而衰,三而竭。彼竭我盈,故克之(战斗,主要是靠勇气。第一通鼓时,士兵们勇气最足,到再擂鼓时,勇气有些衰落;到第三通鼓,勇气更全部消失了。敌军勇气消失,我们则一鼓作气,斗志昂扬,所以打败了他们)”。曹刿又说:“齐国军力不能低估,说不定会设下伏兵,诈败引诱我们。我‘视其辙乱,望其旗靡’,这才放心追击 ”。(“辙乱”,轮迹混乱;“旗靡”,旗帜倒掩,说明仓皇逃窜。)
补充说明:“一鼓作气”、“再衰三竭”和“辙乱旗靡”,出处即《左传》所载“曹刿论战”的故事。做任何事情,趁一开始情绪高涨、干劲旺盛时全力以赴,这叫“一鼓作气”。一鼓作气,把进攻的目标攻下,叫做“一鼓而下”。如果事情老干不好,原有的勇气和力量逐渐衰退而尽,就叫“再衰三竭”。出处《左传·庄公十年》。
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