舂歌
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两汉]：戚夫人
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子为王，母为虏。
终日舂薄暮，常与死为伍。
相离三千里，当谁使告汝。
舂歌译文及注释
译文
儿子啊，你为赵王，而你的母亲却成了奴隶。整日舂米一直到日落西山，还经常有死的危险。与你相离三千里，应当让谁去给你送信，告知你呢？
注释
子为王：指戚夫人所生的儿子赵王刘如意。
常与死为伍：经常有死的危险。伍，伴。
舂歌创作背景
作者戚夫人是汉高祖刘邦的宠妃，生赵王刘如意。因争立自己的儿子为太子，戚夫人成了吕后的仇家。刘邦去世后，吕后成为皇太后，她将戚夫人囚禁在永巷，让戚夫人整日舂米，不得与外界有任何联系。《戚夫人歌》就是戚夫人在舂米时自编自唱的伴歌。
参考资料：
1、李春祥等 ．乐府诗鉴赏辞典 ．河南 ：中洲古籍出版社 ，1990年 ：105页 ．
2、吕晴飞等 ．汉魏六朝诗歌鉴赏辞典 ．北京 ：中国和平出版社 ，1990年 ：6页 ．
舂歌鉴赏
本诗形式灵活，语言质朴，情感真挚。一个被侮辱与被伤害的弱女子形象呼之欲出，千百年来，打动了无数读者的心，成为可以和《垓下》、《大风》媲美的千古绝唱。
戚夫人是汉高祖刘邦的宠妾，刘邦死后，她被吕后所囚禁，罚她舂米，最后被吕后杀死。《汉书·外戚传》曰：“高祖得定陶戚姬，爱幸，生赵王如意。惠帝立，吕后为皇太后，乃令永巷囚戚夫人，髡钳，衣赭衣，令舂。戚夫人舂且歌。太后闻之大怒，曰：‘乃欲倚子邪！’召赵王杀之。戚夫人遂有人彘之祸。”
诗歌开头说“子为王，母为虏”，三言六字，以母子地位之悬殊直抒内心不平，先声夺人。紧接着说自己每天起早贪黑舂作不止，生命危在旦夕，随时可能发生不测。而末句“相离三千里，当谁使告女（汝）”，犹如一声绝望的呼号，将心中的悲苦和对远方儿子的思念倾吐而出。
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王维《
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少年行四首》
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李白《
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久别离》
戚夫人简介
唐代·戚夫人的简介
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戚夫人（？－前194年），又称戚姬，戚姓。秦末定陶（今山东定陶）人，随刘邦征战了4年，是汉高祖刘邦的宠妃。刘邦死后，吕后立即着手残害戚夫人，先暗杀其子赵王如意，然后命人砍去戚夫人手足、灼烂耳朵、挖掉眼珠又灌了哑药再将其丢进厕所里，称之为 人彘，数天之后戚夫人惨死于这种极度暴虐的摧残中。现今的中国北方部分民众奉其为厕神。
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