薤露
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两汉]：曹操
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惟汉廿二世，所任诚不良。
沐猴而冠带，知小而谋强。
犹豫不敢断，因狩执君王。
白虹为贯日，己亦先受殃。
贼臣持国柄，杀主灭宇京。
荡覆帝基业，宗庙以燔丧。
播越西迁移，号泣而且行。
薤露译文及注释
译文
汉朝自建国到现在已是二十二世，所重任的人（何进）真是徒有其表。猴子虽穿衣戴帽，可究竟不是真人，（他）智小而想图谋大事，做事又犹豫不决，致使君王（少帝）被劫。白虹贯日是上天给人间的凶兆，这应验在君王身上，而（何进）自己也落得身败名裂的下场。乱臣贼子（董卓）乘着混乱之际操持国家大权，杀害君主，焚烧东京洛阳。汉朝四百年的帝业由此倾覆，帝王的宗庙也在烈火中焚毁。（献帝）被迫着西迁至长安，一路上迁徙的百姓哭声不止。我瞻望着洛阳城内的惨状，就像当年微子面对着殷墟而悲伤不已。
注释
惟汉廿二世：汉代自高祖刘邦建国到灵帝刘宏是二十二世。
沐猴而冠带：猴子穿衣戴帽，究竟不是真人。比喻虚有其表，形同傀儡。常用来讽刺投靠恶势力窃据权位的人。沐猴，猕猴；冠，戴帽子。
知小而谋强：智小而想图谋大事，这里指的是何进。
狩：狩是指古代帝王出外巡视，而古代史书上遵守“为尊者讳”的原则，往往以天子出逃或被掳为“狩”，这里是指少帝奔小平津的事情。
白虹为贯日：“白虹贯日”是一种天象，指太阳中有一道白气穿过，古人以为这是上天预示给人间的凶兆，往往应验在君王身上。
贼臣持国柄：指董卓之乱。董卓乘着混乱之际操持国家大权。
“瞻彼”两句：我瞻望着洛阳城内的惨状，就像当年微子面对着殷墟而悲伤不已。据《尚书·大传》中说，商纣王的庶兄微子在商朝灭亡后，经过殷墟，见到宫室败坏，杂草丛生，便写下了一首名为《麦秀》的诗以表示自己的感慨与对前朝的叹惋。
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王建《
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渡辽水》
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曹操《
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薤露》
曹操简介
唐代·曹操的简介
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曹操（155年－220年正月庚子），字孟德，一名吉利，小字阿瞒，沛国谯（今安徽亳州）人，汉族。东汉末年杰出的政治家、军事家、文学家、书法家。三国中曹魏政权的缔造者，其子曹丕称帝后，追尊为武皇帝，庙号太祖。曹操精兵法，善诗歌，抒发自己的政治抱负，并反映汉末人民的苦难生活，气魄雄伟，慷慨悲凉；散文亦清峻整洁，开启并繁荣了建安文学，给后人留下了宝贵的精神财富，史称建安风骨，鲁迅评价其为“改造文章的祖师”。同时曹操也擅长书法，尤工章草，唐朝张怀瓘在《书断》中评其为“妙品”。
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