南陵道中
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唐代]：杜牧
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正是客心孤迥处，谁家红袖凭江楼？
南陵道中译文及注释
译文
南陵的江水，满满地、慢悠悠地流荡，西风紧吹，轻云掠过，秋天即将来到身旁。
正当客居他乡，心情孤寂凄清的时候，忽见哪家的女子独倚在临江的楼窗？
注释
南陵：唐县名，在今安徽省繁昌县西。
客：作者自指。孤迥：指孤单。
南陵道中创作背景
这首诗收入《樊川外集》，题一作“寄远”。杜牧在文宗开成（835—840）年间曾任宣州团练判官，南陵是宣州属县，诗大约就写于任职宣州期间。
参考资料：
1、吴鸥 等．杜牧诗文选译．成都：巴蜀书社，1991：107
2、乔力．唐诗精华分卷．北京：朝华出版社，1991
南陵道中鉴赏
这首诗收入《樊川外集》，题一作“寄远”。杜牧在文宗开成（835-840）年间曾任宣州团练判官，南陵是宣州属县，诗大约就写于任职宣州期间。
题称“南陵道中”，没有点明是陆路还是水程。从诗中描写看，理解为水程似乎切当一些。
前两句分写舟行所见水容天色。“漫悠悠”，见水面的平缓、水流的悠长，也透露出江上的空寂。这景象既显出舟行者的心情比较平静容与，也暗透出他一丝羁旅的孤寂。一、二两句之间，似有一个时间过程。“水面漫悠悠”，是清风徐来，水波不兴时的景象。过了一会，风变紧了，云彩因为风的吹送变得稀薄而轻盈，天空显得高远，空气中也散发着秋天的凉意。“欲变秋”的“欲”字，正表现出天气变化的动态。从景物描写可以感到，此刻旅人的心境也由原来的相对平静变得有些骚屑不宁，由原来的一丝淡淡的孤寂进而感到有些清冷了。这些描写，都为第三句的“客心孤迥”作了准备。
正当旅人触物兴感、心境孤迥的时候，忽见岸边的江楼上有红袖女子正在凭栏遥望。三、四两句所描绘的这幅图景，色彩鲜明，饶有画意，不妨当作江南水乡风情画来欣赏。在客心孤迥之时，意绪本来有些索寞无聊，流目江上，忽然望见这样一幅美丽的图景，精神为之一爽，羁旅的孤寂在一时间似乎冲淡了不少。这是从“正是”、“谁家”这样开合相应、摇曳生姿的语调中可以感觉出来的。至于这幅图景中的凭楼而望的红袖女子，究竟是怀着闲适的心情览眺江上景色，还是像温庭筠词中所写的那位等待丈夫归来的女子那样，“梳洗罢，独倚望江楼”，在望穿秋水地历数江上归舟呢，江上舟行的旅人并不清楚，自然也无法向读者交待，只能浑涵地书其即目所见。但无论是闲眺还是望归，对旅人都会有所触动而引起各种不同的联想。在这里，“红袖凭江楼”的形象内涵的不确定，恰恰为联想的丰富、诗味的隽永创造了有利的条件。这似乎告诉读者，在一定条件下，艺术形象或图景内涵的多歧，不但不是缺点，相反地还是一种优点，因为它使诗的意境变得更富含蕴、更为浑融而耐人寻味，读者也从这种多方面的寻味联想中得到艺术欣赏上的满足。当然，这种不确定仍然离不开“客心孤迥”这样一个特定的情景，因此尽管不同的读者会有不同的联想体味，但总的方向是大体相近的。这正是艺术的丰富与杂乱、含蓄与晦涩的一个重要区别。
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杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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