听雨
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宋代]：虞集
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屏风围坐鬓毵毵，绛蜡摇光照莫酣。
听雨译文及注释
译文
鬓发稀疏的诗人，独自一人枯坐于屏风之间，红烛发出摇曳的光影，照在他那醉意朦胧的脸上。
在京城多年性情尽改，忽然听到春雨淋淋的声响，又重新勾起对家乡江南的思念。
注释
毵（sān）毵：毛发细长稀疏。
绛（jiàng）蜡：红蜡。
暮酣（hān）：夜长。
听雨创作背景
这首绝句为诗人虞集在朝廷任翰林官时所作。虞集于延祐六年（1319年）时年49岁时，入翰林为院官，一直到元文宗在至顺三年（1332年）驾崩，诗人时年59岁，告病回乡，在翰林院任职达10年之久，这也是他仕途生涯中的最后10年。从诗的内容看，当为诗人任翰林官时的中后期作品。
参考资料：
1、周啸天．元明清名诗鉴赏：四川人民出版社，2001.08：第118页
听雨鉴赏
全诗较短，只有四句，大体上可分为两个层次。前两句为第一个层次，主要写诗人在殿内值夜的环境。头一句写诗人值夜时坐在屏风中间，两鬓斑白，已经是五十多岁年纪的人了。人老头发首先从鬓毛白起，故日“鬓毵毵”。第二句写红蜡的烛光在夜深中摇曳跳跃。以上两句诗为读者描绘出一种死寂冷清的环境。从空间环境看，周围是宫墙深院，身边是“屏风围坐”，身处“重重帘幔”之中。从时间环境看，诗人已进入了“鬓毵毵”的暮年，节令已是寒食前后，春寒犹在，时间是夜深。从亮度上看，也只有一点点绛蜡的摇光。如此一点亮光，很难抵御夜深的漆黑，诗人独自一人处在这样一个时空环境里，心情上必然产生一种重压感。如此漫漫长夜，给诗人提供了一个反思的环境。
诗的第二个层次由写环境开始自然过渡到写心境。第三句是全诗的过渡句，即由第一、二句的写环境向第四句的写心境过渡。诗人从26岁入大都为朝官，在北方生活了近三十年时间。不难想象，“京国多年”，已经习惯了北方的生活条件，可以说是作为一个南方人的常情尽改。但是，诗人的乡音不会改。如唐代诗人贺知章，虽然“少小离家老大回”，最终还是“乡音无改”。更为重要的是，诗人的江南人意识不会变，诗人的思乡情不会变。所以，诗人在“忽听春雨”之后，自然会“忆江南”。“忽听”二字不可忽略，极富感情色彩。从前三句看，诗人的反思是深沉的，心情是郁闷的，乡思是浓烈的。“忽听”使诗人的感情来个大转变，于寂寞中忽然听到春雨来临的惊喜之情跃然纸上，使其精神为之一爽。色调也开始由暗淡变为明快，这是给诗人带来向往、希望、思念的春雨。诗人“忆江南”，不仅仅是因为春寒犹在的北国比不上“杏花春雨江南”，而主要是因为诗人年纪老大、仕途坎坷。诗人在翰林时“承顾问及古今得失，尤委曲尽言”，“谏或不入，归家悒悒不乐”。一些同僚“患其知遇日隆，每思有以间之”。谗言一时不能奏效，“则相与摘集（虞集）文辞，指为讥讪”。在此种情况下，诗人时时想退出政坛，告老还乡。
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吕渭老《
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选冠子·雨湿花房》
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白居易《
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夜雨》
虞集简介
唐代·虞集的简介
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虞集（1272～1348）元代著名学者、诗人。字伯生，号道园，人称邵庵先生。少受家学，尝从吴澄游。成宗大德初，以荐授大都路儒学教授，李国子助教、博士。仁宗时，迁集贤修撰，除翰林待制。文宗即位，累除奎章阁侍书学士。领修《经世大典》，著有《道园学古录》、《道园遗稿》。虞集素负文名，与揭傒斯、柳贯、黄溍并称“元儒四家”；诗与揭傒斯、范梈、杨载齐名，人称“元诗四家”。
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