岁暮
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南北朝]：谢灵运
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殷忧不能寐，苦此夜难颓。
岁暮译文及注释
译文
我怀着深重的忧虑辗转反侧夜不能寐，内心备受煎熬，长夜漫漫无尽头，天明迟迟盼不来，不堪忍受啊。
明月照在积雪上，北风猛烈而且凄厉。
没有永久的事物，都会随时间的消逝而亡。一年将要过去了，自己的生命也正受到无情的催逼。
注释
岁暮：年底。
殷忧：深深的忧虑，《诗经·邶风·柏舟》有“耿耿不寐，如有隐忧”之句，谢诗这一联当化用其意。殷：多，深。 寐：睡觉。 颓：尽。
朔风：北风；朔：北方。 劲：猛烈。 哀：悲痛，凄厉。
运往，四季更替；运：即一年四季的运转。 淹物：久留之物；淹：浸没。 年逝：年华逝去。 催：紧迫。
参考资料：
1、《古诗评议》，中央编译出版社，2009年4月版，第290-291页
岁暮创作背景
据“年逝觉已催”这一句话推测，这首诗应当作于诗人晚年。诗人当时被贬为永嘉太守，接触了山阴道上的千岩竞秀和万壑争流的山水，有感而发，于是写下了这首诗。
参考资料：
1、《古诗的艺术魅力》，复旦大学出版社，2011年10月版，第50页
岁暮鉴赏
这是一首岁暮感怀诗，时间又是在寂静的长夜。在这“一年将尽夜”，诗人怀着深重的忧虑，辗转不寐，深感漫漫长夜，似无尽头。
诗的开头两句，以夜不能寐托出忧思之深，用一“苦”字传出不堪禁受长夜难眠的折磨之状。但对“殷忧”的内涵，却含而不宣。《诗经·邶风·柏舟》有“耿耿不寐，如有隐忧”之句，谢诗这一联当化用其意，“殷忧”包含下文已经明白揭出的“运往”“年逝”之悲。它并非单纯的对自然寿命的忧虑，而是交织着人生追求、社会人事等多方面矛盾的复杂思绪。
三四两句是殷忧不寐的诗人岁暮之夜所见所闻。积雪的白，本就给人以寒凛之感，再加以明月的照映，雪光与月光相互激射，更透出一种清冷寒冽的青白色光彩，给人以高旷森寒的感受。这是一种典型的阴刚之美。这一句主要是从色感上写岁暮之夜的凛寒高旷之象。下一句则转从听觉感受方面写岁暮之夜所闻。“朔风”之“劲”，透出了风势之迅猛，风声之凄厉与风威之寒冽，着一“哀”字，不仅如闻朔风怒号的凄厉呜咽之声，而且透出了诗人的主观感受。两句分别从视、听感受上写出岁暮之夜的高旷、萧瑟、寒凛、凄清。这两句的真正妙处是它和殷忧不寐的诗人之间存在一种微妙的契合。诗人是在特定的处境与心境下猝然遇物，而眼前的景象又恰与自己的处境、心境相合，情与境合、心与物惬。明月映照积雪的清旷寒冽之境象，似乎正隐隐透出诗人所处环境之森寒孤寂，而朔风劲厉哀号的景象，则又反映出诗人心绪的悲凉与骚屑不宁。
五六句写到随着时间的运行，四季的更迭，一切景物都不能长留，人的年岁也迅速消逝。值此岁暮之夜，感到自己的生命也正受到无情的催逼。这两句抒发诗人岁月不居、年命易逝之慨。这种迟暮之感与诗人的壮志不能实现的苦闷联系在一起，并由“明月”二句所描绘的境界作为烘托，这种感慨并不流于低沉的哀吟，而是显得劲健旷朗、沉郁凝重。
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陆龟蒙《
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冬柳》
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袁枚《
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十二月十五夜》
谢灵运简介
唐代·谢灵运的简介
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谢灵运（385年－433年），东晋陈郡阳夏（今河南太康）人，出生在会稽始宁（今浙江上虞），原为陈郡谢氏士族。东晋名将谢玄之孙，小名“客”，人称谢客。又以袭封康乐公，称谢康公、谢康乐。著名山水诗人，主要创作活动在刘宋时代，中国文学史上山水诗派的开创者。由谢灵运始，山水诗乃成中国文学史上的一大流派，最著名的是《山居赋》，也是见诸史册的第一位大旅行家。谢灵运还兼通史学，工于书法，翻译佛经，曾奉诏撰《晋书》。《隋书·经籍志》、《晋书》录有《谢灵运集》等14种。
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