剑门道中遇微雨
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宋代]：陆游
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衣上征尘杂酒痕，远游无处不销魂。
剑门道中遇微雨译文及注释
译文
衣服上沾满了旅途上的灰尘和杂乱的酒的痕迹。出门在外去很远的地方宦游，所到之地没有一处是不让人心神暗淡和感伤的。
我这一辈子就应该做一个诗人吗？为什么骑上瘦驴在细雨中到剑门关去？
注释
剑门：在今四川省剑阁县北。据《大清一统志》：“四川保宁府：大剑山在剑州北二十五里。其山削壁中断，两崖相嵌，如门之辟，如剑之植，故又名剑门山。”
征尘：旅途中衣服所蒙的灰尘。
销魂：心怀沮丧得好像丢了魂似的，神情恍惚。形容非常悲伤或愁苦。
合：应该。未：表示发问。
最后二句：典出南宋尤袤《全唐诗话》：“（唐昭宗时）相国郑綮，善诗。或曰：‘相国近为新诗否？’对曰：‘诗思在灞桥风雪中驴子上，此何以得之？”
参考资料：
1、鹤鸣 编选．陆游经典作品选．重庆：西南师范大学出版社，1995：21
剑门道中遇微雨创作背景
此诗当作于南宋孝宗乾道八年（1172年）冬。当时，陆游由南郑（今陕西汉中）前线调回成都（今属四川）。他此行是由前线到后方，由战地到大都市，是去危就安、去劳就逸。他在南郑往成都途经四川剑阁剑门关时写下这首诗。
参考资料：
1、缪钺 等．宋诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1987：934-936
剑门道中遇微雨鉴赏
这是一首广泛传颂的名作，诗情画意，十分动人。然而，也不是人人都懂其深意，特别是第四句写得太美，容易使读者“释句忘篇”。如果不联系作者平生思想、当时境遇，不通观全诗并结合作者其他作品来看，便易误解。作者先写“衣上征尘杂酒痕，远游无处不销魂”。陆游晚年说过：“三十年间行万里，不论南北怯登楼”（《秋晚思梁益旧游》）。梁即南郑，益即成都。实际上以前的奔走，也在“万里”“远游”之内。这样长期奔走，自然衣上沾满尘土；而“国仇未报”，壮志难酬，“兴来买尽市桥酒……如钜野受黄河顿”（《长歌行》），故“衣上征尘”之外，又杂有“酒痕”。“征尘杂酒痕”是壮志未酬，处处伤心（“无处不销魂”）的结果，也是“志士凄凉闲处老”（《病起》）的写照。
“远游无处不销魂”的“无处不”（即“处处”），既包括过去所历各地，也包括写这首诗时所过的剑门，甚至更侧重于剑门。这就是说：他“远游”而“过剑门”时，“衣上征尘杂酒痕”，心中又一次黯然“销魂”。
引起“销魂”的，还是由于秋冬之际，“细雨”蒙蒙，不是“铁马渡河”（《雪中忽起从戎之兴戏作》），而是骑驴回蜀。就“亘古男儿一放翁”（梁启超《读陆放翁集》）来说，他不能不感到伤心。当然，骑驴本是诗人的雅兴。李贺骑驴带小童出外寻诗，就是一个佳话。李白、杜甫、贾岛、郑棨都有“骑驴”的诗句或故事，而李白是蜀人，杜甫、高适、岑参、韦庄都曾入蜀，晚唐诗僧贯休从杭州骑驴入蜀，写下了“千水千山得得来”的名句，更为人们所熟知。所以骑驴与入蜀，自然容易想到“诗人”。于是，作者自问：“我难道只该（合）是一个诗人吗？为什么在微雨中骑着驴子走入剑门关，而不是过那‘铁马秋风大散关’的战地生活呢？”不图个人的安逸，不恋都市的繁华，他只是“百无聊赖以诗鸣”（梁启超语），自不甘心以诗人终老，这才是陆游之所以为陆游。这首诗只能这样进行解释；也只有这样解释，才合于陆游的思想实际，才能讲清这首诗的深刻内涵。
这就是说，作者因“无处不销魂”而黯然神伤，是和他一贯的追求和当时的处境有关。他生于金兵入侵的南宋初年，自幼志在恢复中原，写诗只是他抒写怀抱的一种方式。然而报国无门，年近半百才得以奔赴陕西前线，过上一段“铁马秋风”的军旅生活，旋即又要去后方充任闲职，重做纸上谈兵的诗人了。这使作者很难甘心。所以，“此身合是诗人未”，并非这位爱国志士的欣然自得，而是他无可奈何的自嘲、自叹。如果不是故作诙谐，他也不会把骑驴饮酒认真看作诗人的标志。作者怀才不遇，报国无门，衷情难诉，壮志难酬，因此在抑郁中自嘲，在沉痛中调侃自己。
一般地说，这首诗的诗句顺序应该是：“细雨”一句为第一句，接以“衣上”句，但这样一来，便平弱而无味了。诗人把“衣上”句写在开头，突出了人物形象，接以第二句，把数十年间、千万里路的遭遇与心情，概括于七字之中，而且毫不费力地写了出来。再接以“此身合是诗人未”，既自问，也引起读者思索，再结以充满诗情画意的“细雨骑驴入剑门”，形象逼真，耐人寻味，正如前人所言，“状难写之景如在目前，含不尽之意见于言外。”但真正的“功夫”仍在“诗外”（《示子遹》）。
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陈与义《
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雨晴》
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吴均《
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山中杂诗》
陆游简介
唐代·陆游的简介
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陆游（1125—1210），字务观，号放翁。汉族，越州山阴（今浙江绍兴）人，南宋著名诗人。少时受家庭爱国思想熏陶，高宗时应礼部试，为秦桧所黜。孝宗时赐进士出身。中年入蜀，投身军旅生活，官至宝章阁待制。晚年退居家乡。创作诗歌今存九千多首，内容极为丰富。著有《剑南诗稿》、《渭南文集》、《南唐书》、《老学庵笔记》等。
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陈忠平
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几度登临约未成，偶从雨隙得微晴。烟光色散诸般幻，水镜天开一线明。
香火终年车络绎，沙丘亘古棘纵横。我来不为前途卜，但与閒鸥有旧盟。