咏萤
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唐代]：虞世南
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的历流光小，飘飖弱翅轻。
恐畏无人识，独自暗中明。
咏萤译文及注释
译文
灵巧的身躯发出微弱的光芒，纤弱的翅膀轻轻飘动。
只怕没有人认识自己，独自暗中飞来飞去发出光明。
注释
萤：昆虫，身体黄褐色，触角丝状，腹部末端有发光的器官，能发带绿色的光。白天伏在草丛里，夜晚飞出来。种类很多，通称萤火虫。
的历（dí lì）：小粒明珠的光点，灵巧微弱的样子。流光：闪烁流动的光芒。
飘摇：飘飘摇摇，很不稳定的样子。
畏：怕。
咏萤创作背景
虞世南是前朝老臣，自秦王阶段就追随太宗，为秦王府“十八学士”之一，太宗即位后，又为修文馆学士。但虞世南“志性抗烈，每论及古先帝王为政得失，必存规讽”。作者作此首《咏萤》小诗，也即寄寓身世之感，一方面表现出恐怕不被赏识的担忧，另一方面强调了自己的风骨。
参考资料：
1、岳娟娟. 唐代唱和诗研究[M]. 上海：复旦大学出版社, 2014.07.第191页
2、方铭主编. 中国文学史 魏晋南北朝隋唐五代卷[M]. 长春：长春出版社, 2013.12.第161页
咏萤鉴赏
这是一首清新淡雅的咏物诗，作者借咏流萤表达了物虽小而不碍其光华的哲理，同时又借物自喻，寄寓身世之感。因有所寄托，因而别具情致。
此诗前两句从流萤的飞翔之形、发光之态的角度开始写，“流光小”与“弱翅轻”衬托出了萤火虫的弱小。这种手法，有点类似唐朝李嘉的《咏萤》：“映水光难定，凌虚体自轻。夜风吹不灭，秋露洗还明。向烛仍分焰，投书更有情。犹将流乱影，来此傍檐楹。”此诗通过萤火水上轻舞、空中展翅、风吹不灭、露洗还明、输光伴夜读、流连在楹檐等形象的刻画，突出了其飞翔之姿、发光之征。但虞世南的诗并不以绘形为目的。诗的三、四两句则由表及里，一下子窥视到萤的内心世界：多么顽强的个性，多么可贵的追求，尽管自己的生命弱小，但它不甘默默无闻，不愿自暴自弃，偏要在暗夜中闪光，顽强地表现自己的存在，执著地实现自己的人生价值。这样，那出现在读者眼前的萤火，就不是一只小小的飞虫，一个微不足道的生命，而是一个活生生的精灵，一个个性独特、胸怀不凡的刚毅之士，其伟岸形象，令人肃然起敬，又促人深思猛省。
《老子》云：“道常无名朴，虽小，天下莫能臣。”意思是说，道虽然是无名而质朴的，很小不可见，但是天下谁也不能降服它，令其称臣。人生在世，应该努力进取，刻苦学习，即使先天条件不足或有所限制，但是无碍于人通过后天努力获得学识。这首小诗也即阐述了这种积极向上的人生哲学。
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黄庭坚《
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题竹石牧牛》
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下一首：
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李商隐《
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题小松》
虞世南简介
唐代·虞世南的简介
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永兴县文懿子虞世南，字伯施，汉族，余姚（慈溪市观海卫镇鸣鹤场）人。初唐著名书法家、文学家，政治家。隋炀帝时官起居舍人，唐时历任秘书监、弘文馆学士等。唐太宗称他德行、忠直、博学、文词、书翰为五绝（“世南一人，有出世之才，遂兼五绝。一曰忠谠，二曰友悌，三曰博文，四曰词藻，五曰书翰。”原有诗文集30卷，但早已散失不全。民国时期，张寿镛辑成 《虞秘监集》 4卷，收入 《四明丛书》。
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