宿王昌龄隐居
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唐代]：常建
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清溪深不测，隐处唯孤云。
松际露微月，清光犹为君。
茅亭宿花影，药院滋苔纹。
余亦谢时去，西山鸾鹤群。
宿王昌龄隐居译文及注释
译文
清溪之水深不可测，隐居之处只有孤云。
松林中间明月微露，洒下清辉似为郎君。
茅亭花影睡意正浓，芍药园圃滋生苔纹。
我也想要谢绝世俗，来与西山鸾鹤合群。
注释
测：一作“极”。
隐处：隐居的地方。唯：只有。
犹：还，仍然。
宿：比喻夜静花影如眠。
药院：种芍药的庭院。滋：生长着。
余：我。谢时：辞去世俗之累。
鸾鹤：古常指仙人的禽鸟。群：与……为伍。
宿王昌龄隐居创作背景
常建和王昌龄是唐玄宗开元十五年（727年）同科进士及第的宦友和好友。但在出仕后的经历和归宿却不大相同。此诗即作于常建辞官归隐途经王昌龄入仕前的居所，即今安徽省含山县石门山时。常建夜宿故人旧时隐居之处，触景生情，遂作此篇。
参考资料：
1、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：184
2、倪其心 等．唐诗鉴赏辞典．上海：上海辞书出版社，1983：749-750
宿王昌龄隐居鉴赏
常建这首《宿王昌龄隐居》诗载于《全唐诗》卷一百四十四。下面是原北京大学教授倪其心先生对此诗的赏析。
这是一首山水隐逸诗，在盛唐已传为名篇。到清代，更受“神韵派”的推崇，同《题破山寺后禅院》并为常建代表作品。
此诗题曰“宿王昌龄隐居”，一是指王昌龄出仕前隐居之处，二是说当时王昌龄不在此地。王昌龄及第时大约已有三十七岁。此前，他曾隐居石门山。山在今安徽含山县境内，即此诗所说“清溪”所在。常建任职的盱眙，即今江苏盱眙，与石门山分处淮河南北。常建辞官西返武昌樊山，大概渡淮绕道不远，就近到石门山一游，并在王昌龄隐居处住了一夜。
首联写王昌龄隐居所在。“深不测”一作“深不极”，并非指水的深度，而是说清溪水流入石门山深处，见不到头。王昌龄隐居处便在清溪水流入的石门山上，望去只看见一片白云。齐梁隐士、“山中宰相”陶弘景对齐高帝说：“山中何所有？岭上多白云。只可自怡悦，不堪持赠君。”因而山中白云便沿为隐者居处的标志，清高风度的象征。但陶弘景是著名阔隐士，白云多；王昌龄却贫穷，云也孤，而更见出清高。清人徐增说：“惟见孤云，是昌龄不在，并觉其孤也。”这样理解，也具情趣。
中间两联即写夜宿王昌龄隐居处所见所感。王昌龄住处清贫幽雅，一座孤零零的茅屋，即所谓“茅亭”。屋前有松树，屋边种花，院里莳药，见出他的为人和情趣，独居而情不孤，遁世而爱生活。常建夜宿此地，举头望见松树梢头，明月升起，清光照来，格外有情，而无心可猜。想来明月不知今夜主人不在，换了客人，依然多情来伴，故云“犹为君”，“君”指王昌龄。这既暗示王昌龄不在，更表现隐逸生活的清高情趣。夜宿茅屋是孤独的，而抬眼看见窗外屋边有花影映来，也别具情意。到院里散步，看见王昌龄莳养的药草长得很好。因为久无人来，路面长出青苔，所以茂盛的药草却滋养了青苔。这再一次暗示主人不在已久，更在描写隐逸情趣的同时，流露出一种惋惜和期待的情味，表现得含蓄微妙。
末联便写自己的归志。“鸾鹤群”用江淹《登庐山香炉峰》“此山具鸾鹤，往来尽仙灵”语，表示将与鸾鹤仙灵为侣，隐逸终生。这里用了一个“亦”字，很妙。实际上这时王昌龄已登仕路，不再隐居。这“亦”字是虚晃，故意也是善意地说要学王昌龄隐逸，步王昌龄同道，借以婉转地点出讽劝王昌龄坚持初衷而归隐的意思。其实，这也就是本诗的主题思想。题曰“宿王昌龄隐居”，旨在招王昌龄归隐。
这首诗的艺术特点确同《题破山寺后禅院》，“其旨远，其兴僻，佳句辄来，唯论意表”。诗人善于在平易地写景中蕴含着深长的比兴寄喻，形象明朗，诗旨含蓄，而意向显豁，发人联想。就此诗而论，诗人巧妙地抓住王昌龄从前隐居的旧地，深情地赞叹隐者王昌龄的清高品格和隐逸生活的高尚情趣，诚挚地表示讽劝和期望仕者王昌龄归来的意向。因而在构思和表现上，“唯论意表”的特点更为突出，终篇都赞此劝彼，意在言外，而一片深情又都借景物表达，使王昌龄隐居处的无情景物都充满对王昌龄的深情，愿王昌龄归来。但手法又只是平实描叙，不拟人化。所以，其动人在写情，其悦人在传神，艺术风格确实近王维、孟浩然一派。
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杜甫《
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至德二载甫自京金光门出问道归凤》
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王维《
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山居秋暝》
常建简介
唐代·常建的简介
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常建(708-765)，唐代诗人，字号不详，有说是邢台人或说长安（今陕西西安）人，开元十五年与王昌龄同榜进士，长仕宦不得意，来往山水名胜，过着一个很长时期的漫游生活。后移家隐居鄂渚。大历中，曾任盱眙尉。
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