金谷园
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唐代]：杜牧
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日暮东风怨啼鸟，落花犹似坠楼人。
金谷园译文及注释
译文
繁华往事，已跟香尘一样飘荡无存；流水无情，野草却年年以碧绿迎春。啼鸟悲鸣，傍晚随着东风声声传来；落花纷纷，恰似那为石崇坠楼的绿珠美人。
注释
香尘：石崇为教练家中舞妓步法，以沉香屑铺象牙床上，使她们践踏，无迹者赐以珍珠。
坠楼人：指石崇爱妾绿珠，曾为石崇坠楼而死。
金谷园鉴赏
金谷园故址在今河南洛阳西北，是西晋富豪石崇的别墅，繁荣华丽，极一时之盛。唐时园已荒废，成为供人凭吊的古迹。据《晋书。石崇传》记载：石崇有妓曰绿珠，美而艳。孙秀使人求之，不得，矫诏收崇。崇正宴于楼上，谓绿珠曰：“我今为尔得罪。”绿珠泣曰：“当效死于君前。”因自投于楼下而死。杜牧过金谷园，即景生情，写下了这首咏春吊古之作。
面对荒园，首先浮现在诗人脑海的是，金谷园繁华的往事，随着芳香的尘屑消散无踪。“繁华事散逐香尘”这一句蕴藏了多少感慨。王嘉《拾遗记》谓：“石季伦（崇）屑沉水之香如尘末，布象床上，使所爱者践之，无迹者赐以真珠。”此即石崇当年奢靡生活之一斑。“香尘”细微飘忽，去之迅速而无影无踪。金谷园的繁华，石崇的豪富，绿珠的香消玉殒，亦如香尘飘去，云烟过眼，不过一时而已。正如苏东坡诗云：“事如春梦了无痕”。可叹乎？亦可悲乎？还是观赏废园中的景色吧：“流水无情草自春”。“流水”指东南流经金谷园的金水。不管人世间的沧桑，流水照样潺湲，春草依然碧绿，它们对人事的种种变迁，似乎毫无感触。这是写景，更是写情，尤其是“草自春”的“自”字，与杜甫《蜀相》中“映阶碧草自春色”的“自”字用法相似。
傍晚，正当诗人对着流水和春草遐想的时候，忽然东风送来鸟儿的叫声。春日鸟鸣，本是令人心旷神怡的赏心乐事。但是此时—红日西斜，夜色将临；此地—荒芜的名园，再加上傍晚时分略带凉意的春风，在沉溺于吊古之情的诗人耳中，鸟鸣就显得凄哀悲切，如怨如慕，仿佛在表露今昔之感。日暮、东风、啼鸟，本是春天的一般景象，着一“怨”字，就蒙上了一层凄凉感伤的色彩。此时此刻，一片片惹人感伤的落花又映入诗人的眼帘。诗人把特定地点（金谷园）落花飘然下坠的形象，与曾在此处发生过的绿珠坠楼而死联想到一起，寄寓了无限情思。一个“犹”字渗透着诗人多少追念、怜惜之情！绿珠，作为权贵们的玩物，她为石崇而死是毫无价值的，但她的不能自主的命运不是同落花一样令人可怜么？诗人的这一联想，不仅是“坠楼”与“落花”外观上有可比之处，而且揭示了绿珠这个人和“花”在命运上有相通之处。比喻贴切自然，意味隽永。
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杜甫《
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八阵图》
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韦庄《
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章台夜思》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧（公元803－约852年），字牧之，号樊川居士，汉族，京兆万年（今陕西西安）人，唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”，以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅，故后世称“杜樊川”，著有《樊川文集》。
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