客夜与故人偶集
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唐代]：戴叔伦
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风枝惊暗鹊，露草覆寒蛩。
客夜与故人偶集译文及注释
译文
秋月又一次盈满，城中夜色深浓。
你我在江南相会，我怀疑是梦中相逢。
晚风吹动树枝，惊动了栖息的鸟鹊。秋草披满霜露，伴随着悲吟的寒虫。
你我客居他乡，应该畅饮以排遣愁闷，留你长饮叙旧，只担心天晓鸣钟。
注释
偶集：偶然与同乡聚会。
天秋：谓天行秋肃之气；时令已值清秋。唐李白《秋思》诗：“天秋木叶下，月冷莎鸡悲。”
城阙（què）：宫城前两边的楼观，泛指城池。《诗经·郑风·子衿》：“佻兮达兮，在城阙兮。”孔颖达疏：“谓城上之别有高阙，非宫阙也。”千重：千层，层层迭迭，形容夜色浓重。《后汉书·马融传》：“群师叠伍，伯校千重。”
会：聚会。
翻疑：反而怀疑。翻：义同“反”。
风枝：风吹拂下的树枝。宋曾慥《高斋漫录》：“南唐有画，黄头子数十枚集于风枝上。”惊暗鹊：一作“鸣散鹊”。
露草：沾露的草。唐李华《木兰赋》：“露草白兮山凄凄，鹤既唳兮猿复啼。”泣寒蛩（qióng）：指秋虫在草中啼叫如同哭泣。寒蛩：深秋的蟋蟀。唐韦应物《拟古诗》之六：“寒蛩悲洞房，好鸟无遗音。”
羁（jī）旅：指客居异乡的人。《周礼·地官·遗人》：“野鄙之委积，以待羁旅。”郑玄注：“羁旅，过行寄止者。”长：一作“常”。
相留：挽留。晓钟：报晓的钟声。唐沈佺期《和中书侍郎杨再思春夜宿直》：“千庐宵驾合，五夜晓钟稀。”
参考资料：
1、刘建勋．唐诗三百首便览．厦门：厦门大学出版社，1990：226
2、宝怀隽．唐诗三百首解析．北京：同心出版社，2011：238
3、左均如．唐诗三百首辞典．上海：汉语大词典出版社，2002：237
4、于海娣 等．唐诗鉴赏大全集．北京：中国华侨出版社，2010：252-253
5、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗·宋词·元曲三百首．长沙：岳麓书社，2004：95
客夜与故人偶集创作背景
此诗正写于作者江南入幕期间结果在一个秋天的夜晚，于江南某旅店之中，偶然遇见离别多年的同乡旧识，不觉满怀惊喜；但是相逢苦短，天亮又将分别，却不知下一次相会将在何时何地，这引起了诗人的满腹惆怅。于是诗人题诗与同乡告别，这篇作品遂得以问世。
参考资料：
1、李 森．精译赏析唐诗三百首．北京：高等教育出版社，2011：564-565
客夜与故人偶集鉴赏
这首诗的首联和颔联写相逢，并交代了相聚的时间、地点。首联交代了时间（秋夜）和地点（长安），一个“满”字，写出了秋月之状。颔联则极言相聚的出其不意，实属难得。诗人作客在外，偶然与同乡聚会，欣喜之中竟怀疑是在梦中相遇。“还作”和“翻疑”四个字生动传神，表现了诗人的凄苦心情。这两句充分表现了诗人惊喜交集的感情。
颈联和尾联伤别离。颈联描写秋月萧瑟的景象。这两句紧紧围绕“秋”字写景，秋风吹得树枝飘摇，惊动了栖息的鸟鹊；秋季霜露很重，覆盖了深草中涕泣的寒虫，到处都能感觉到秋的寒意和肃杀，在渲染气氛的同时也烘托出诗人客居他乡生活的凄清，以及身世漂泊和宦海沉浮之痛；诗人借用曹操的《短歌行》中的诗句：“月明星稀，乌鹊南飞，绕树三匝，何枝可依？”含义深刻，写出自己与故友分别之苦，表现了诗人客居中的辛酸之情。故友的异乡羁旅生活都很凄苦，相逢不易，于是一起欢聚畅饮，长夜叙谈。尾联二句，诗人又以害怕天亮就要分手作结。这二句中的“长”和“畏”二字运用得极为恰到好处，“长”字意谓宁愿长醉不愿醒来，只有这样，才能忘却痛苦，表现了诗人的颠沛流离之苦；“畏”字意谓害怕听到钟声，流露出诗人怕夜短天明，晨钟报晓，表达了诗人与友人依依惜别的心情，这一切充分表现出诗人对同乡聚会的珍惜和同乡深厚的友情。全诗语言精炼，层次分明，对仗工整，情景结合，意蕴凄美。
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上一首：
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李白《
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金陵酒肆留别》
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杜甫《
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梦李白二首·其二》
戴叔伦简介
唐代·戴叔伦的简介
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戴叔伦(732—789)，唐代诗人，字幼公（一作次公），润州金坛(今属江苏)人。年轻时师事萧颖士。曾任新城令、东阳令、抚州刺史、容管经略使。晚年上表自请为道士。其诗多表现隐逸生活和闲适情调，但《女耕田行》、《屯田词》等篇也反映了人民生活的艰苦。论诗主张“诗家之景，如蓝田日暖，良玉生烟，可望而不可置于眉睫之前”。其诗体裁皆有所涉猎。
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