相见欢·无言独上西楼
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五代]：李煜
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剪不断，理还乱，是离愁。别是一般滋味在心头。(一般一作：一番)
相见欢·无言独上西楼译文及注释
译文
默默无言，孤孤单单，独自一人缓缓登上空空的西楼。抬头望天，只有一弯如钩的冷月相伴。低头望去，只见梧桐树寂寞地孤立院中，幽深的庭院被笼罩在清冷凄凉的秋色之中。
那剪也剪不断，理也理不清，让人心乱如麻的，正是亡国之苦。那悠悠愁思缠绕在心头，却又是另一种无可名状的痛苦。
注释
锁清秋：深深被秋色所笼罩。清秋，一作深秋。
剪，一作翦。
离愁：指去国之愁。
别是一般：另有一种意味。别是，一作别有。
相见欢·无言独上西楼创作背景
975年（开宝八年），宋朝灭南唐，李煜亡家败国，肉袒出降，被囚禁待罪于汴京。宋太祖赵匡胤因李煜曾守城相拒，封其为“违命侯”。李煜后期词作多倾泻失国之痛和去国之思，沉郁哀婉，感人至深。《相见欢》便是后期词作中很有代表性的一篇。
参考资料：
1、王仲闻 ．南唐二主词校订 ：中华书局 ，2007 ：83 ．
相见欢·无言独上西楼鉴赏
首句“无言独上西楼”将人物引入画面。“无言”二字活画出词人的愁苦神态，“独上”二字勾勒出作者孤身登楼的身影，孤独的词人默默无语，独自登上西楼。神态与动作的描写，揭示了词人内心深处隐寓的很多不能倾诉的孤寂与凄婉。
“……月如钩，寂寞梧桐深院，锁清秋”，寥寥12个字，形象地描绘出了词人登楼所见之景。仰视天空，缺月如钩。“如钩”不仅写出月形，表明时令，而且意味深长：那如钩的残月经历了无数次的阴晴圆缺，见证了人世间无数的悲欢离合，如今又勾起了词人的离愁别恨。俯视庭院，茂密的梧桐叶已被无情的秋风扫荡殆尽，只剩下光秃秃的树干和几片残叶在秋风中瑟缩，词人不禁“寂寞”情生。然而，“寂寞”的不只是梧桐，即使是凄惨秋色，也要被“锁”于这高墙深院之中。而“锁”住的也不只是这满院秋色，落魄的人，孤寂的心，思乡的情，亡国的恨，都被这高墙深院禁锢起来，此景此情，用一个愁字是说不完的。
缺月、梧桐、深院、清秋，这一切无不渲染出一种凄凉的境界，反映出词人内心的孤寂之情，同时也为下片的抒情做好铺垫。作为一个亡国之君，一个苟延残喘的囚徒，他在下片中用极其婉转而又无奈的笔调，表达了心中复杂而又不可言喻的愁苦与悲伤。
“剪不断，理还乱，是离愁。”用丝喻愁，新颖而别致。前人以“丝”谐音“思”，用来比喻思念，如李商隐“春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干”（《无题》）就是大家熟悉的名句。李煜用“丝”来比喻“离愁”，别有一番新意。然而丝长可以剪断，丝乱可以整理，而那千丝万缕的“离愁”却是“剪不断，理还乱”。这位昔日的南唐后主心中所涌动的离愁别绪，是追忆“红日已高三丈后，金炉次第添金兽，红锦地衣随步皱”（《浣溪沙》）的荣华富贵，是思恋“风阁龙楼连霄汉，玉树琼枝作烟萝”（《破阵子》）的故国家园，是悔失“四十年来家国，三千里地山河”（《破阵子》）的帝王江山。然而，时过境迁，如今的李煜已是亡国奴、阶下囚，荣华富贵已成过眼烟云，故国家园亦是不堪回首，帝王江山毁于一旦。阅历了人间冷暖、世态炎凉，经受了国破家亡的痛苦折磨，这诸多的愁苦悲恨哽咽于词人的心头难以排遣。作者尝尽了愁的滋味，而这滋味，是难以言喻、难以说完的。
末句“别是一番滋味在心头”，紧承上句写出了李煜对愁的体验与感受。以滋味喻愁，而味在酸甜之外，它根植于人的内心深处，是一种独特而真切的感受。“别是”二字极佳，昔日唯我独尊的天子，如今成了阶下囚徒，备受屈辱，遍历愁苦，心头淤积的是思、是苦、是悔、还是恨……词人自己也难以说清，常人更是体会不到。若是常人，倒可以嚎啕倾诉，而李煜不能。他是亡国之君，即使有满腹愁苦，也只能“无言独上西楼”，眼望残月如钩、梧桐清秋，将心头的哀愁、悲伤、痛苦、悔恨强压在心底。这种无言的哀伤更胜过痛哭流涕之悲。
沈际飞在《草堂诗余续集》中评价说：“七情所至，浅尝者说破，深尝者说不破。破之浅，不破之深。‘别是一般滋味在心头’句妙。”唐圭璋在《唐宋词简释》中说：“此词写别愁，凄惋已极。‘无言独上西楼’一句，叙事直起，画出后主愁容。其下两句，画出后主所处之愁境。举头见新月如钩，低头见桐阴深锁俯仰之间，万感萦怀矣。此片写景亦妙，惟其桐阴深黑，新月乃愈显明媚也。下片，因景抒情。换头三句，深刻无匹，使有千丝万缕之离愁，亦未必不可剪，不可理，此言‘剪不断，理还乱’，则离愁之纷繁可知。所谓‘别是一般滋味’，是无人尝过之滋味，唯有自家领略也。后主以南朝天子，而为北地幽囚；其所受之痛苦，所尝之滋味，自与常人不同，心头所交集者，不知是悔是恨，欲说则无从说起，且亦无人可说，故但云‘别是一般滋味’。”
李煜的这首词情景交融，感情沉郁。上片选取典型的景物为感情的抒发渲染铺垫，下片借用形象的比喻委婉含蓄地抒发真挚的感情。此外，运用声韵变化，做到声情合一。下片押两个仄声韵（“断”、“乱”），插在平韵中间，加强了顿挫的语气，似断似续；同时在三个短句之后接以九言长句，铿锵有力，富有韵律美，也恰当地表现了词人悲痛沉郁的感情。
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辛弃疾《
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南乡子·登京口北固亭有怀》
李煜简介
唐代·李煜的简介
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李煜，五代十国时南唐国君，961年-975年在位，字重光，初名从嘉，号钟隐、莲峰居士。汉族，彭城（今江苏徐州）人。南唐元宗李璟第六子，于宋建隆二年(961年)继位，史称李后主。开宝八年，宋军破南唐都城，李煜降宋，被俘至汴京，封为右千牛卫上将军、违命侯。后因作感怀故国的名词《虞美人》而被宋太宗毒死。李煜虽不通政治，但其艺术才华却非凡。精书法，善绘画，通音律，诗和文均有一定造诣，尤以词的成就最高。千古杰作《虞美人》、《浪淘沙》、《乌夜啼》等词。在政治上失败的李煜，却在词坛上留下了不朽的篇章，被称为“千古词帝”。
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千里不来
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：
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释重顯
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不见古君子，因循又隔秋。
浮生多自掷，好事更谁留。
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自遣
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明代：
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许继
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卧疴人事违，流景自如昔。年年溪南村，霜叶千树赤。
既为升平民，所好胡不得。耕凿给妻孥，相看至头白。
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正月十六日奉皇太后瀛台看烟火即景灯词八首 其五
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：
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弘历
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云霞锦绣灿瀛台，花发何须殷七来。百子池边麟卓荦，万年枝上凤毰毸。