踏莎行·候馆梅残
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宋代]：欧阳修
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候馆梅残，溪桥柳细。草薰风暖摇征辔。离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水。
寸寸柔肠，盈盈粉泪。楼高莫近危阑倚。平芜尽处是春山，行人更在春山外。
踏莎行·候馆梅残译文及注释
译文
客舍前的梅花已经凋残，溪桥旁新生细柳轻垂，春风踏芳草远行人跃马扬鞭。走得越远离愁越没有穷尽，像那迢迢不断的春江之水。
寸寸柔肠痛断，行行盈淌粉泪，不要登高楼望远把栏杆凭倚。平坦的草地尽头就是重重春山，行人还在那重重春山之外。
注释
候馆：迎宾候客之馆舍。
草薰：小草散发的清香。薰，香气侵袭。征辔（pèi）：行人坐骑的缰绳。辔，缰绳。
迢迢：形容遥远的样子。
寸寸柔肠：柔肠寸断，形容愁苦到极点。
盈盈：泪水充溢眼眶之状。粉泪：泪水流到脸上，与粉妆和在一起。
危阑：也作“危栏”，高楼上的栏杆。
平芜：平坦地向前延伸的草地。芜，草地。
参考资料：
1、陆林编注．宋词．北京：北京师范大学出版社，1992年11月版：第44页
2、徐中玉 金启华．中国古代文学作品选（二）．上海：华东师范大学出版社，1999年9月版：第27-28页
3、蘅塘退士 等．唐诗三百首·宋词三百首·元曲三百首．北京：华文出版社，2009年11月版：第188-189页
踏莎行·候馆梅残鉴赏
这首词是欧阳修词的代表作之一。下面是唐代文学研究会常务理事刘学锴先生对此词的赏析。
在婉约派词人抒写离情的小令中，这是一首情深意远、柔婉优美的代表性作品。
上片写离家远行的人在旅途中的所见所感。开头三句是一幅洋溢着春天气息的溪山行旅图：旅舍旁的梅花已经开过了，只剩下几朵残英，溪桥边的柳树刚抽出细嫩的枝叶。暖风吹送着春草的芳香，远行的人就这美好的环境中摇动马缰，赶马行路。梅残、柳细、草薰、风暖，暗示时令正当仲春。这正是最易使人动情的季节。从“摇征辔”的“摇”字中可以想象行人骑着马儿顾盼徐行的情景。
融怡明媚的春光，既让人流连欣赏，却又容易触动离愁。开头三句以实景暗示、烘托离别，而三、四两句则由丽景转入对离情的描写：“离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水。”因为所别者是自己深爱的人，所以这离愁便随着分别时间之久、相隔路程之长越积越多，就像眼前这伴着自己的一溪春水一样，来路无穷，去程不尽。此二句即景设喻，即物生情，以水喻愁，写得自然贴切而又柔美含蓄。
下片写闺中少妇对陌上游子的深切思念。“寸寸柔肠，盈盈粉泪。”过片两对句，由陌上行人转笔写楼头思妇。“柔肠”而说“寸寸”，“粉泪”而说“盈盈”，显示出女子思绪的缠绵深切。从“迢迢春水”到“寸寸肠”、“盈盈泪”，其间又有一种自然的联系。接下来一句“楼高莫近危阑倚”，是行人心里对泪眼盈盈的闺中人深情的体贴和嘱咐，也是思妇既希望登高眺望游子踪影又明知徒然的内心挣扎。
最后两句写少妇的凝望和想象，是游子想象闺中人凭高望远而不见所思之人的情景：展现楼前的，是一片杂草繁茂的原野，原野的尽头是隐隐春山，所思念的行人，更远春山之外，渺不可寻。这两句不但写出了楼头思妇凝目远望、神驰天外的情景，而且透出了她的一往情深，正越过春山的阻隔，一直伴随着渐行渐远的GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人飞向天涯。行者不仅想象到居者登高怀远，而且深入到对方的心灵对自己的追踪。如此写来，情意深长而又哀婉欲绝。
此词由陌上游子而及楼头思妇，由实景而及想象，上下片层层递进，以发散式结构将离愁别恨表达得荡气回肠、意味深长。这种透过一层从对面写来的手法，带来了强烈的美感效果。
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欧阳修简介
唐代·欧阳修的简介
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欧阳修（1007－1072），字永叔，号醉翁，晚号“六一居士”。汉族，吉州永丰（今江西省永丰县）人，因吉州原属庐陵郡，以“庐陵欧阳修”自居。谥号文忠，世称欧阳文忠公。北宋政治家、文学家、史学家，与韩愈、柳宗元、王安石、苏洵、苏轼、苏辙、曾巩合称“唐宋八大家”。后人又将其与韩愈、柳宗元和苏轼合称“千古文章四大家”。
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