菩萨蛮·阑风伏雨催寒食
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清代]：纳兰性德
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阑风伏雨催寒食，樱桃一夜花狼藉。刚与病相宜，锁窗薰绣衣。
画眉烦女伴，央及流莺唤。半晌试开奁，娇多直自嫌。
菩萨蛮·阑风伏雨催寒食译文及注释
译文
风吹不停，浓云阴沉，雨时断时续，寒食节马上要来临了。昨夜风将樱桃吹得凌乱不堪。雨天阴冷潮湿，我也小病刚好，是该用炉子烘烤衣物了。
我想去唤女伴麻烦她来替我画眉，但又懒得动身，多么希望黄莺给捎个信儿。迟疑半晌才打开梳妆盒，镜中的容貌虽然娇艳，但还是嫌自己不够美丽。
注释
1、菩萨蛮：双调四十四字，前后阙两仄韵转两平韵。本篇守谱用四部韵，两仄两平相间，句句皆叶，两句一换。
2、阑风伏雨：指风雨不止。
3、寒食：寒食节。旧俗在清明节前一日或二日，当此节日，禁火三天，食冷食。
4、狠藉：指樱桃花败落。
5、锁窗：雕刻有花纹图案的窗子。
6、薰绣衣：用香料薰华丽的衣物，
7、央及：请求、恳求。
8、流莺：啼莺，以其啼鸣婉转，故云。
9、半响：许久、好久。
10、奁（lián）：女子梳妆用的镜匣，泛指精巧的小匣子。
11、自嫌：自己对自己不满。
参考资料：
1、纳兰性德．《山有扶疏编,一生最爱纳兰词 辛苦最怜天上月》：天津教育出版社，2012.08：第11页
2、纳兰性德．《墨香斋译评,纳兰词 双色插图版》：中国纺织出版社，2015.10：第65页
菩萨蛮·阑风伏雨催寒食创作背景
词人在寒食节时，看到一位女子病起后又喜又悲，从而发出联想，所写的一首词。
参考资料：
1、子艮．《一生最爱纳兰词》：沈阳出版社，2009.11：第78页
菩萨蛮·阑风伏雨催寒食鉴赏
词的上片写由狼藉满地的樱桃花牵惹出思妇的一腔春愁。一阵阵的风雨将寒食节催来了，春天是来也匆匆，去也匆匆，窗外的樱桃花昨天还开得明媚娇艳，一夜风雨便将花儿吹打得散乱满地。由狼藉的樱桃花，她想到了自己美好的青春年华，这飘零的春花“刚与病相宜”，恰好同自己多愁多病的身体一。多病而又寂寞无聊，更加思念远方的丈夫。怎样也排遣不了这种思绪，只好关起窗户“薰绣衣”。“琐窗薰绣衣”句将闺中女子孤单寂寞、百无聊赖的心理状态表现得凄婉、含蓄，耐人寻味。
下片写这位少妇越是思念丈夫，越耐不住这种寂寥，强打精神为自己梳妆打扮。“画眉烦女伴”，她又想起了丈夫在家时闺房中的乐趣，可现在为她画眉的人远游他乡，她只得“烦女伴”了。“画眉”典出“张敞匦眉”。女伴不在身边，她又得央求侍女莺儿去请她来。紧接着，诗人用“半饷试开奁”这个极细微的动作描写，把人物的复杂心理表现得逼真而细腻。女伴来了，她多么急切地想把自己打扮得姣好动人，可又害怕镜中现出的自已是憔悴多愁的姿容，所以踌蹰半晌，才试着打开镜匣。没想到镜中人是那样柔弱娇美，她不免暗中欣喜，可是立即想到丈夫不在身边，为谁梳妆呢!于是更觉尢聊，连自己也嫌她“娇多”了。刚才的兴致一下被扫尽，心又冷下来了。
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杨徽之《
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寒食寄郑起侍郎》
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吴文英《
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菩萨蛮·落花夜雨辞寒食》
纳兰性德简介
唐代·纳兰性德的简介
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纳兰性德（1655－1685），满洲人，字容若，号楞伽山人，清代最著名词人之一。其诗词“纳兰词”在清代以至整个中国词坛上都享有很高的声誉，在中国文学史上也占有光采夺目的一席。他生活于满汉融合时期，其贵族家庭兴衰具有关联于王朝国事的典型性。虽侍从帝王，却向往经历平淡。特殊的生活环境背景，加之个人的超逸才华，使其诗词创作呈现出独特的个性和鲜明的艺术风格。流传至今的《木兰花令·拟古决绝词》——“人生若只如初见，何事秋风悲画扇？等闲变却故人心，却道故人心易变。”富于意境，是其众多代表作之一。
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