怀良人
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唐代]：葛鸦儿
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蓬鬓荆钗世所稀，布裙犹是嫁时衣。
胡麻好种无人种，正是归时不见归。
怀良人译文及注释
译文
满头的秀发如今乱如飞蓬，买不起首饰，只好自己用荆条折成了发钗别在头上，像这样的贫穷人家，世上真是少有的啊。连一件像样的衣裙都没有，还穿着出嫁时娘家陪送的布裙，而今那样的衣装已经没有人再穿了。已经到了春耕的时候，该播种芝麻了，然而丈夫在外，谁来和我一起播种呢？按说现在已到了丈夫回家的时候了，为什么还不见回来呢？
注释
良人：古代妇女对自己丈夫的称呼。《全唐诗》此诗题下注：“一云朱滔时河北士人作。”
蓬鬓：如蓬草一样散乱的头发，形容相思之苦。语出《诗经·卫风·伯兮》。荆钗：用荆条做的饰品。世所稀：贫寒的家境世上少有。
胡麻：芝麻，据说只有夫妇同种，才能得到好的收成。好种：正是播种的好时候。
不见归：一作“底不归”（《全唐诗》校）。
参考资料：
1、彭定求 等 ．全唐诗（下） ．上海 ：上海古籍出版社 ，1986 ：1965 ．
2、于海娣 等 ．唐诗鉴赏大全集 ．北京 ：中国华侨出版社 ，2010 ：402 ．
怀良人创作背景
这首诗是一位劳动妇女的怨歌。韦縠《才调集》、韦庄《又玄集》都说此诗作者是女子葛鸦儿。孟棨《本事诗》却说是朱滔军中一河北士子，其人奉滔命作“寄内诗”，然后代妻作答，即此诗。其说颇类小说家言，大约出于虚构。然而，可见此诗在唐时流传甚广。诗大约成于中晚唐之际。
参考资料：
1、周啸天 等 ．唐诗鉴赏辞典 ．上海 ：上海辞书出版社 ，1983 ：1342-1343 ．
怀良人鉴赏
此诗前两句首先描绘出一位贫妇的画像：她鬓云散乱，头上别着自制的荆条发钗，身上穿着当年出嫁时所穿的布裙，足见其贫困寒俭之甚（“世所稀”）。这儿不仅是人物外貌的勾勒，字里行间还可看出一部夫妇离散的辛酸史。《列女传》载“梁鸿、孟光常荆钗布裙”。这里用“荆钗”、“布裙”及“嫁时衣”等字面，似暗示这一对贫贱夫妇一度是何等恩爱，然而社会的动乱把他们无情拆散了。“布裙犹是嫁时衣”，既进一步见女子之贫，又表现出她对丈夫的思念。古代征戍服役有所谓“及瓜而代”，即有服役期限，到了期限就要轮番回家。从“正是归时”四字透露，其丈夫大概是“吞声行负戈”的GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>征人吧，这女子是否也曾有过“罗襦不复施，对君洗红妆”（杜甫《新婚别》）的誓言，那是要读者自去玩味的。
于是，三句紧承前二句来。“胡麻好种无人种”，可以理解为赋（直赋其事）：动乱对农业造成破坏，男劳动力被迫离开土地，“纵有健妇把锄犁，禾生陇亩无东西”，田园荒芜。如联系末句，此句也可理解为兴：盖农时最不可误，错过则追悔无及；青春时光亦如之，一旦老大，即使征人生还也会“纵使相逢应不识”呢。以“胡麻好种无人种”兴起“正是归时底不归？”实暗含“感此伤妾心，坐愁红颜老”意，与题面“怀良人”正合。
这还不能尽此句之妙，若按明人顾元庆的会心，则此句意味更深长。他说：“南方谚语有‘长老（即僧侣）种芝麻，未见得。’余不解其意，偶阅唐诗，始悟斯言，其来远矣。胡麻即今芝麻也，种时必夫妇两手同种，其麻倍收。长老，言僧也，必无可得之理。故云。”（《夷白斋诗话》）原来芝麻结籽的多少，与种时是否夫妇合作大有关系。诗人运用流行的民间传说来写“怀良人”之情，十分切贴而巧妙。“怀良人”理由正多，只托为芝麻不好种，便收到言在此而意在彼、言有尽而意无穷的效果。所以，此诗末二句兼有赋兴和传说的运用，含义丰富，诗味咀之愈出，很好表达了女子“怀良人”的真纯情意。用“胡麻”入诗，这来自劳动生活的新鲜活跳的形象和语言，也使全诗生色，显得别致。
绝句“宛转变化，工夫全在第三句，若此转变得好，则第四句如顺流之舟矣”（杨载《诗法家数》）。此诗末句由三句引出，正是水到渠成。“正是归时底不归？”语含怨望，然而良人之不归乃出于被迫，可怨天而不可尤人。以“怀”为主，也是此诗与许多怨妇诗所不同的地方。
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傅玄《
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吴楚歌》
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纳兰性德《
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山花子·风絮飘残已化萍》
葛鸦儿简介
唐代·葛鸦儿的简介
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葛鸦儿，唐朝女诗人。生卒年与生平不详。她最有名的作品《怀良人》最早见于韦庄所编的《又玄集》，因此可知她大约生活在中晚唐时期。又从此诗的描写来看，她应该是一个贫苦的底层劳动妇女。《全唐诗》801卷收录其诗三首。即《怀良人》和《会仙诗二首》。其中《会仙诗》描写的景象颇具道家色彩，似不应出自一个普通劳动妇女之手。如此说来，她的身世愈加扑朔迷离。
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