喜迁莺·霜天秋晓
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宋代]：蔡挺
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霜天秋晓，正紫塞故垒，黄云衰草。汉马嘶风，边鸿叫月，陇上铁衣寒早。剑歌骑曲悲壮，尽道君恩须报。塞垣乐，尽櫜鞬锦领，山西年少。
谈笑。刁斗静，烽火一把，时送平安耗。圣主忧边，威怀遐远，骄虏尚宽天讨。岁华向晚愁思，谁念玉关人老？太平也，且欢娱，莫惜金樽频倒。
喜迁莺·霜天秋晓译文及注释
译文
边塞秋晓，霜天无际，冷气袭人，步出帐外，只见晓色中隐约可见的故垒和低压的黄云下那随风摇曳的枯草。战马在风中嘶叫，边鸿在月下呜叫，陇山上戍卒身穿铠甲，在早寒中戍守。将士们唱着悲壮的军歌，都说皇恩应报。衣甲鲜明的少年将士，深觉从军守边之乐。
我们在从容镇定之间就把边事平定了。夜间不必击刁斗以警戒，每夜放炳一炬，经常送出平安的信息。朝廷采取守边的策略，对化外之民，也想用仁义去感化他们，而不用武力去镇压，等待他们自己来归附。但在太平时期，我却叹息岁晚难归、年华空逝。边境平静了，暂且尽情欢乐，不要吝惜金樽里的美酒，频频畅饮吧。
注释
喜迁莺：词牌名，又名《鹤冲天》、《万年枝》、《春光好》等。
紫塞：长城边塞。
故垒：边塞的旧营垒。
汉马：指宋朝边防军的战马。
铁衣：铁甲。
橐（tuó）楗（jiàn）：橐，袋子；楗，马上盛弓的器具，这里引申为收藏。
山西：指华山或太行山以西的地区。
刁斗：一种铜质军中用具，有柄；白天用来烧饭，夜间击以巡更。
平安耗：报平安的消息；耗，消息、音信。
圣主：此处指宋仁宗赵祯。
岁华：时光，年华。
参考资料：
1、王蔚编选．《宋词三百首·元曲三百首》．内蒙古：内蒙古文化出版社，2006：44
2、《古代汉语词典》编写组编．《古代汉语词典》．北京：商务印书馆，2003：1555
3、刘振喜．《宋代爱国词选》．郑州：中州古籍出版社，1990年07月第1版：10
喜迁莺·霜天秋晓创作背景
宋仁宗嘉祐年间，蔡挺曾任庆州（治所在今甘肃庆阳）太守，屡次击退西夏军队的进犯，为朝廷立下大功。不久，他又调任渭州（治所在今甘肃平凉）太守，生活艰苦。在这种艰苦的环境中，蔡挺训练出一支能征惯战、训练有素的军队，保卫了国家边境的安全。于战斗间隙，蔡挺写就这篇词。
参考资料：
1、徐尚衡编著．《中国诗词故事》．江苏：江苏少年儿童出版社，2014：266
喜迁莺·霜天秋晓鉴赏
这篇词词人从塞上秋来的异样风光入笔，展开对边防军旅生活的铺陈，表现了将士们立功报国、以苦为乐的精神，同时也是渴望保家卫国却无用武之地的自我宽慰，使得读者产生深刻的印象。
上片描写的是北方边塞深秋景象。首言“霜天秋晓”，时令已届“白露为霜”的深秋，天刚拂晓。一个“正”字，领起景物环境的描绘。“紫塞故垒，黄云衰草”，景物对举，色彩斑烂。表明词人立足之处已是边防关塞，景物萧瑟苍茫。接着用工整的对句，由环境景物描绘，进入军旅生活的铺陈。“汉马嘶风，边鸿叫月。”宋朝边防军的骏马正迎着凛冽西风呼啸，是对战斗的向往；南归的鸿雁，在边庭拂晓时的月下飞鸣，给苍茫边塞增添了几分凄清。作为身先士卒的统帅，词人身上的铁甲奈不得陇上早寒，故称“陇上铁衣寒早。”“剑歌骑曲悲壮，尽道君恩须报”。两句通过悲壮的军乐军歌，揭示了边防将士的心理。在“朕即国家”的当时社会，人们视君王与国家为一体，一个“尽”字，突现报效君国为国戍边是全军上下的心愿。正由于以身许国，万众一心，尽管置身早秋的异域，历尽边地的艰辛，人人都能以戍边为乐。“塞垣乐”三字，洋溢着战斗乐观情绪。一字千钧。“尽櫜鞬锦领”句，描写将士们的装束。又一“尽”字，既见所有将士的飒爽英姿，又见全军上下的严明风纪。“山西年少”四字，点明这英勇的行伍，是由华山以西的少年组成，收束上片。
下片描写词人渴望保家卫国以及无法消遣的愁思。用“谈笑”二字，承接“山西年少”，进一步展现以“塞垣”为“乐”的英雄群象。“刁斗尽”，意味着夜尽天明以照应篇首。“烽火一把，时送平安耗”，既表明敌情及对敌情的警惕、戒备，又表明边防线上没有战争冲突。“圣主忧边，威怀遐远，骄寇尚宽天讨”。忧虑边患，威震边庭，怀柔远方，这是对“圣主”神宗赵顼的歌颂。“骄寇尚宽天讨”句，既是边防没有战事的原因，又为词人那老却英雄的愁思伏笔。将士渴望报国立功，圣主对“骄寇”却“尚宽天讨”，在这一对矛盾面前，身先士卒的词人，倍觉无有用武之地，故有“岁华向晚”时的“愁思”和“谁念玉关人老”的嗟叹。语辞婉转，含义深沉，是全词眼目所在。这几句，是词人的自我宽慰。“太平也，且欢娱，莫惜金樽频倒”。意谓趁着边庭没有战事，姑且为欢作乐，用“金樽频倒”来浇灌“岁华向晚”的愁思，享受玉关闲置的太平岁月。
全词突出表现戍边将士立功报国的共同心愿与以苦为乐的战斗精神，倾诉了帅驻边关唯恐时光空过、老却英雄的忧愁。景物描绘有声有色，形象刻画神采飞扬。言词流利婉转，风格含蓄深沉。词人通过这首词暗讽边防政策的不力又讴歌盛世的太平、渴望早立边功又不安久戍，耐人寻味。十分鲜明表现出词人不愿闲置边地的心思和愁绪。
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李梦阳《
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秋望》
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崔季卿《
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晴江秋望》
蔡挺简介
唐代·蔡挺的简介
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蔡挺（1014-1079）字子政，宋城（今河南商丘）人。景祐元年（1034）进士，官至直龙图阁，知庆州，屡拒西夏犯边。神宗即位，加天章阁待制，知渭州。治军有方，甲兵整习，常若寇至。熙宋五年（1072），拜枢密副使，元丰二年卒，年六十六，谥敏肃。《宋史》、《东都事略》有传。《宋史》本传称挺“渭久，郁郁不自聊，寓意词曲，有‘玉关人老’之叹”。魏泰《东轩笔录》卷六称其词“盛传都下”。
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铜雀妓
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明代：
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袁凯
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流尘拂还集，絜糒俨然陈。
歌吹自朝暮，君王宁复闻。
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穆护砂 乱后重游太清宫
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：
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黄公渚
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鼓枻沧溟去。践山盟、待證鸥鹭。趁禺收浪，海天霞曙。
瀛壖清浅如许。一径处、檀栾青凤舞。炎景敛、日中无暑。