读韩杜集
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唐代]:杜牧
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读韩杜集译文及注释
译文
杜诗和韩文在愁闷时诵读,舒心爽气就像请仙女麻姑在痒处搔。
天外的凤凰谁能得其精髓?世上无人懂得配制续弦胶。
注释
杜诗韩集:一作“杜诗韩笔”。六朝人称散文为笔。这里指盛唐杜甫的诗和中唐韩愈的文。
倩(qiàn):请人代做。麻姑:麻姑又称寿仙娘娘、虚寂冲应真人,汉族民间信仰的女神,属于道教人物。过去汉族民间为女性祝寿多赠麻姑像,取名麻姑献寿。《神仙传》记载,仙人王方平在蔡经家召麻姑来。
续弦胶:凤喙与麟角,合煎作“续弦胶”,可续弓弩的断弦。
读韩杜集创作背景
杜牧的《读韩杜集》创作于晚唐(公元803-852年),由于对杜甫、韩愈的文学成就的高度评价,杜牧写下这首《读韩杜集》,表达其倾慕、推重之情。
参考资料:
1、王波著.阅读疗法:海洋出版社,2007.6:第133页
读韩杜集鉴赏
第一句中的杜诗韩笔,指杜甫的诗歌和韩愈的古文。“愁来”,点明诗人研读杜诗韩笔时的心绪。安史乱后数十年来,藩镇割据,内战频仍,致使边防空虚,民生凋敝;而吐蕃统治者又占据河西、陇右,威胁京都,河陇人民长期受吐蕃奴隶主奴役之苦。这内忧边患,时刻萦绕在诗人心头,他不可能不愁从中来。这“愁”,是诗人抱负的流露、识见的外溢和正义感的迸泻。“愁来”读杜、韩,说明诗人与杜、韩灵犀相通。
第二句中他从杜的沉郁顿挫和韩的精深博大中汲收了睿智、胆识和力量。理性的享受,心灵的快感,使他忽发奇想,恍若请古代神话中的麻姑仙女用那纤长的指甲搔着自己的痒处一样。此典原意是蔡经悬想麻姑爪爬背上痒处,舒适、愉快;诗人移作搔心头痒处,酣畅、痛快。这匪夷所思的妙喻,是诗人兴到之笔,妙在信手拈来,兴味盎然。
第三句中诗人把杜、韩比作天外飞来的百鸟之王凤凰,赞叹、倾慕之情赫然可见。
第四句中日趋没落的晚唐社会犹如断弦的弓弩,其颓势已定。谁也不能用凤髓制得续弦胶,把断了的弓弦续上的。不明言“愁”,而其“愁”自见。
这首七绝宣示了诗人钻研杜、韩的心得,表达其倾慕、推重之情。诗中描叙愁中读杜、韩诗文的极度快感,而后喟叹杜、韩的杰作无人嗣响。以愁起,以愁结,一前一尾,一显一隐,错落有致。诗中旧典活用,有言外之意,弦外之音,又使人回味不已。诗后两句,上句设问,下句作答,一问一答,自成呼应,饶有韵味。
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上一首:
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杜甫《
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柏学士茅屋》
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下一首:
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陆游《
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读书》
杜牧简介
唐代·杜牧的简介
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杜牧(公元803-约852年),字牧之,号樊川居士,汉族,京兆万年(今陕西西安)人,唐代诗人。杜牧人称“小杜”,以别于杜甫。与李商隐并称“小李杜”。因晚年居长安南樊川别墅,故后世称“杜樊川”,著有《樊川文集》。
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