上西平·送陈舍人
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宋代]：吴泳
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跨征鞍，横战槊，上襄州。便匹马、蹴踏高秋。芙蓉未折，笛声吹起塞云愁。男儿若欲树功名，须向前头。
风雏寒，龙骨朽，蛟渚暗，鹿门幽。阅人物、渺渺如沤。棋头已动，也须高著局心筹。莫将一片广长舌，博取封侯。
上西平·送陈舍人译文及注释
译文
跨上战马，横持着战乐，赴襄州上任。正值秋天，驰骋战场。荷花没有衰败，笛声吹动边界的愁绪。希望你奋发向上，努力树立功名。
襄阳的著名人物凤雏。卧龙早包作古，尸骨已朽；蛟渚、鹿门等遗迹也已色彩暗淡，不以当年了，历史名人像水泡一样地消逝了。树立功名，就像在棋局中筹划高着一样。不要凭着一条长舌，去博取官爵厚禄。
注释
题目中的陈舍人，不详，可能是作者的朋友。舍人，官名。
横战槊（shuò）：横持长矛，指从军或习武。
襄州：襄阳，襄阳区位于鄂西北，地处汉水中游属南阳盆地边缘，在今天的湖北。
凤雏：三国时期庞统的号。“凤雏”即庞统，汉未襄阳人，其叔德公称之为“凤雏”，善知人的司马徽称他为“南州士之冠冕”。“龙”指诸葛亮，曾在襄阳居住，司马徽称之为“卧龙”。“蛟渚”，晋邓遐斩蛟的地方。《晋书。邓遐传》载：襄阳城北沔水中有蛟，常为人害，邓遐拔剑入水截蛟数段。“鹿门”，在今襄樊市东南，唐代诗人孟浩然曾隐居在此。
龙骨：指的是卧龙，即诸葛亮。
鹿门：鹿门山之省称。在湖北省襄阳县后汉庞德公携妻子登鹿门山，采药不返。后因此用指隐士所居之地。唐代山水田园诗人孟浩然隐居于此。
参考资料：
1、伍心铭编译．宋词三百首鉴赏：时事出版社，2004年12月第1版：第477页
上西平·送陈舍人创作背景
此词作于宋宁宗嘉定十四年（公元1221年），当时宋金之间战事不断，川陕和弗襄一带局势尤为紧张，祸患频仍。此时陈赅继赵方为京湖安抚使，即将赴襄阳任所，于是词人赋此阕相赠，对友人进行慰勉和鼓励。
参考资料：
1、《宋词鉴赏大全集》编委会编著．宋词鉴赏大全集：中国华侨出版社，2010.10：第286页
上西平·送陈舍人鉴赏
这是一首送友人赴任的词。
片头三句，直写陈舍人赴襄阳上任。值得注意的是，把“跨征鞍，横战槊”放在开头，醒目突出。用以形容陈舍人，不难看出这是一副“横槊立马”的出征形象。尤其两句中各用“征”、“战”分别形容“鞍”和“槊”，制造了十分强烈的战斗气氛。这是因为陈舍人所去的襄州，即今湖北襄樊市，宋时为襄阳府，在当时临近宋、金边界。陈舍人赴襄阳任，就带有上前线出征的意味。这也是作者对友人的鼓励和祝愿。因此，接下二句预祝对方在秋高气爽、草长马肥之时驰骋疆场，打击敌人。看来陈舍人动身是在秋天，所以作者才这样祝愿、鼓励他。“蹴踏”，是踩踏的意思。这把陈舍人驰骋疆场的英姿描会得十分鲜明、突出。“芙蓉”二句，进一步说明陈舍人赴襄州上任，及作者鼓他的原因，就是敌人骚扰，边塞吃紧。据《宋史纪事本末》载：宋宁宗嘉定十年夏四月，金人分道入寇。五月，侵扰襄阳、枣阳。这里用“芙蓉未折”点明时间。夏日五、六月间，正是荷花盛开的季节，故说“未折”。“笛声”，指军营中号角之类的声音，借指发生战争。如同说“战争打响了”。“塞云”就是“战云”，指战争的局势。“塞云”是不会愁的，这里用拟人化的手法，表现战局的紧张，敌人骚扰带来的危急。结二句与开头呼应，用直接语气，鼓励陈舍人：国家危难之际，正是男儿杀敌报国、建功立业的好时机。
下片头四个三字短句，叙写襄阳历史上的著名人物。这四句，一方面表明襄阳是大有作为的去处，出现过不少著名人物；一方面表明那已成为历史陈迹。庞统、诸葛亮久已去世，尸骨已朽；蛟渚、鹿门等遗迹也已破败衰颓，不似当年了。对四位历史人物的写法，前两人直写名字，后两人以遗迹指代，笔法错杂多变。“阅人物”二句,轻轻一结。“阅”，是数、计算，带有归结的意思。总之，历史人物已成为过去，象水泡一样地消逝了。言外之意：现在就要靠你大显身手了。“棋头”二句，遥接上片“芙蓉未折”二句，是说既是战争已开始，那就要有高明的招数，去对付敌人，使之不得乱动。“棋头”，有双重意思，一即“旗头”，旗的顶端，队前掌旗的人，借指军队；一指弈棋，也就是指战事。“高著”，意为高明的招数。“棋高一着，缚手缚脚”，本指棋艺而言，后用以比喻技高一等，使对方不能施展本领。结句，语重心长，谆谆叮嘱：不要学那些靠巧言利舌爬上高位的人。言外之意，讽刺那些鼓吹和议、苟且偷安者。“广长舌”，巧言利舌，语出《诗.大雅.瞻卬》：“妇有长舌，维厉之阶。”
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王维《
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送沈子归江东》
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司马光《
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送张寺丞觐知富顺监》
吴泳简介
唐代·吴泳的简介
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吴泳（约公元1224年前后在世），字叔永，潼川人。生卒年均不详，约宋宁宗嘉定末前后在世。嘉定元年（公元1209年）第进士。累迁著作郎，兼直舍人院。应诏上书，颇切时要。累迁吏部侍郎兼直学士院，上疏言谨政体、正道揆、厉臣节、综军务四事。后进宝章阁学士，知温州，以言罢。泳著有鹤林集四十卷，《四库总目》行于世。
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