宫怨
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唐代]：李益
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似将海水添宫漏，共滴长门一夜长。
宫怨鉴赏
和王昌龄“奉帚平明”、“闺中少妇”等名作之同，此诗的怨者，不是一开始就露面的。长门宫是汉武帝时陈皇后失宠后的居处，昭阳殿则是汉成帝皇后赵飞燕居处，唐诗通常分别用以泛指失宠、得宠GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人住地。欲写长门之怨，却先写昭阳之幸，形成此诗一显著特点。
前两句的境界极为美好。诗中宫花大约是指桃花，此时春晴正开，花朵上缀着露滴，有“灼灼其华”的光彩。晴花沾露，越发娇美秾艳。夜来花香尤易为人察觉，春风散入，更是暗香满殿。这是写境，又不单纯是写境。这种美好境界，与昭阳殿里歌舞人的快乐心情极为谐调，浑融为一。昭阳殿里彻夜笙歌，欢乐的人还未休息。说“歌吹在昭阳”是好理解的，而明月却是无处不“在”，为什么独归于昭阳呢？诗人这里巧妙暗示，连月亮也是昭阳殿的特别明亮。两句虽然都是写境，但能使读者感到境中有人，继而由景入情。这两句写的不是宫怨，恰恰是宫怨的对立面，是得宠承恩的情景。
写承恩不是诗人的目的，而只是手段。后两句突然转折，美好的环境、欢乐的气氛都不在了，转出另一个环境、另一种气氛。与昭阳殿形成鲜明对比，这里没有花香，没有歌吹，也没有月明，有的是滴不完、流不尽的漏声，是挨不到头的漫漫长夜。这里也有一个不眠人存在。但与昭阳殿欢乐苦夜短不同，长门宫是愁思觉夜长。此诗用形象对比手法，有强烈反衬作用，突出深化了“宫怨”的主题。
诗的前后部分都重在写境，由于融入人物的丰富感受，情景交融，所以能境中见人，含蓄蕴藉。与白居易《后宫词》比较，优点尤显著。《后宫词》写了“泪湿罗巾梦不成”，写了“红颜未老恩先断，斜倚熏笼坐到明”，由于取径太直，反觉浅近，不如此诗耐人含咀。
诗的前两句偏于写实，后两句则用了夸张手法。铜壶滴漏是古代计时的用具。宫禁专用者为“宫漏”。大抵夜间添一次水，更阑则漏尽，漏不尽则夜未明。“似将海水添宫漏”，则是以海水的巨大容量来夸张长门的夜长漏永。现实中，当然绝无以海水添宫漏的事，但这种夸张，仍有现实的基础。“水添宫漏”是实有其事，长门GREn/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>宫人愁思失眠而特觉夜长也实有其情，主客观的统一，就造成了“似将海水添宫漏，共滴长门一夜长”的意境。虚实相成，离形得神，这里写的虽决不能有其事，但实为情至之语。
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李端《
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妾薄命》
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徐再思《
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阳春曲·闺怨》
李益简介
唐代·李益的简介
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李益(约750—约830)， 唐代诗人，字君虞，祖籍凉州姑臧（今甘肃武威市凉州区），后迁河南郑州。大历四年(769)进士，初任郑县尉，久不得升迁，建中四年(783)登书判拔萃科。因仕途失意，后弃官在燕赵一带漫游。以边塞诗作名世，擅长绝句，尤其工于七绝。
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