啰唝曲·那年离别日
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唐代]：刘采春
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桐庐人不见，今得广州书。
啰唝曲·那年离别日鉴赏
据晚唐范摅《云溪友议》记述，刘采春是中唐时的一位女伶，擅长演唐代流行的参军戏。元稹曾有一首《赠刘采春》诗，赞美她“言词雅措风流足，举止低徊秀媚多”，“选词能唱《望夫歌》”。《望夫歌》就是《啰唝曲》。方以智《通雅》卷二十九《乐曲》云：“啰唝犹来罗。”“来罗”有盼望远行人回来之意。据说，“采春一唱是曲，闺妇、行人莫不涟泣”，可见当时此曲歌唱和流行的情况。
《全唐诗》录《啰唝曲六首》，以刘采春为作者。此曲在佳作如林的唐代诗坛上赢得了诗评家的推重。管世铭在《读雪山房唐诗钞》中说：“司空曙之‘知有前期在’、金昌绪之‘打起黄莺儿’……刘采春所歌之‘不喜秦淮水’、盖嘉运所进之‘北斗七星高’，或天真烂漫，或寄意深微，虽使王维、李白为之，未能远过。”潘德舆在《养一斋诗话》中更称此曲为“天下之奇作”。这类当时民间流行的小唱，在文人诗篇之外，确实另有风貌，一帜别树，以浓厚的民间气息，给人以新奇之感。其写作特色是：直叙其事，直表其意，直抒其情，在语言上脱口而出，不事雕琢，在手法上纯用白描，全无烘托，而自饶姿韵，风味可掬，有司空图《诗品》所说的“不取诸邻”、“着手成春”之妙。“那年离别日”是这组诗的第四首。
这首诗写夫婿逐利而去，行踪无定。张潮有首《江南行》：“茨菰叶烂别西湾，莲子花开犹未还。妾梦不离江上水，人传郎在凤凰山。”所写情事，与这首诗所写有相似之处。“朝朝江口望”，一心望夫婿归来，而不料愈行愈远。这正是望而终于失望的原因，正是每次盼到船来以为是夫婿的归船、却总是空欢喜一场的原因。正如李鍈在《诗法易简录》中所分析：“桐庐已无归期。今在广州，去家益远，归期益无日矣。只淡淡叙事，而深情无尽。”长期分离，已经够痛苦了；加上归期难卜，就更痛苦；再加以行踪无定，愈行愈远，是痛苦上又加痛苦。在这情况下，诗中人只有空闺长守，一任流年似水，青春空负，因而接着在下一首诗中不禁发出“昨日胜今日，今年老去年。黄河清有日，白发黑无缘”的近乎绝望的悲叹了。
随着唐代商业的发达，嫁作商人妇的少女越来越多，因而有《啰唝曲》之类的作品出现，而闺妇、行人之所以听到此曲“莫不涟泣”，正因为它写的是一个有社会意义的题材，写出了商人家庭的矛盾和苦闷。
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徐再思《
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阳春曲·闺怨》
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张若虚《
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代答闺梦还》
刘采春简介
唐代·刘采春的简介
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刘采春，淮甸（今江苏省淮安、淮阴一带）人，一作越州（今浙江省绍兴市）人，是伶工周季崇的妻子。她擅长参军戏，又会唱歌，深受元稹的赏识，说她“言辞雅措风流足，举止低回秀媚多。”可见她在当时是一名很有影响的女艺人。
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